Impact of pharmacists as immunizers on vaccination rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Identifieur interne : 000146 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000145; suivant : 000147Impact of pharmacists as immunizers on vaccination rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Auteurs : J E Isenor [Canada] ; N T Edwards [Canada] ; T A Alia [Canada] ; K L Slayter [Canada] ; D M Macdougall [Canada] ; S A Mcneil [Canada] ; S K Bowles [Canada]Source :
- Vaccine [ 1873-2518 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Canada (épidémiologie), Essais contrôlés non-randomisés comme sujet, Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet, Grippe humaine (), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Humains, Infections à pneumocoques (), Infections à pneumocoques (épidémiologie), Méta-analyse en réseau, Pharmaciens (), Pharmaciens (normes), Programmes de vaccination (organisation et administration), Santé publique (), Sécurité, Vaccination (), Vaccins (administration et posologie), Zona (), Zona (épidémiologie), Éducation du patient comme sujet.
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Vaccins.
- normes : Pharmaciens.
- organisation et administration : Programmes de vaccination.
- épidémiologie : Canada, Grippe humaine, Infections à pneumocoques, Zona.
- Essais contrôlés non-randomisés comme sujet, Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet, Grippe humaine, Humains, Infections à pneumocoques, Méta-analyse en réseau, Pharmaciens, Santé publique, Sécurité, Vaccination, Zona, Éducation du patient comme sujet.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Canada (epidemiology), Herpes Zoster (epidemiology), Herpes Zoster (prevention & control), Humans, Immunization Programs (organization & administration), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (prevention & control), Network Meta-Analysis, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Patient Education as Topic, Pharmacists (standards), Pharmacists (statistics & numerical data), Pneumococcal Infections (epidemiology), Pneumococcal Infections (prevention & control), Public Health (statistics & numerical data), Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Safety, Vaccination (statistics & numerical data), Vaccines (administration & dosage).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Vaccines.
- epidemiology : Canada, Herpes Zoster, Influenza, Human, Pneumococcal Infections.
- organization & administration : Immunization Programs.
- prevention & control : Herpes Zoster, Influenza, Human, Pneumococcal Infections.
- standards : Pharmacists.
- statistics & numerical data : Pharmacists, Public Health, Vaccination.
- Humans, Network Meta-Analysis, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Patient Education as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Safety.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Underutilization of vaccination programs remains a significant public health concern. Pharmacists serve as educators, facilitators, and in some jurisdictions, as administrators of vaccines. Though pharmacists have been involved with immunizations in various ways for many years, there has yet to be a systematic review assessing the impact of pharmacists as immunizers in these three roles.
OBJECTIVE
To complete a systematic review of the literature on the impact of pharmacists as educators, facilitators, and administrators of vaccines on immunization rates.
METHODS
We identified 2825 articles searching the following databases from inception until October 2015: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Google Scholar. Grey literature was identified through use of the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health "Grey Matters" search tool. Content from relevant journals and references of included studies were also searched. Inclusion criteria were clinical or epidemiologic studies in which pharmacists were involved in the immunization process. Studies were excluded if no comparator was reported. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and bias assessments using standardized forms.
RESULTS
Thirty-six studies were included in the review, 22 assessed the role of pharmacists as educators and/or facilitators and 14 assessed their role as administrators of vaccines. All studies reviewed found an increase in vaccine coverage when pharmacists were involved in the immunization process, regardless of role (educator, facilitator, administrator) or vaccine administered (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal), when compared to vaccine provision by traditional providers without pharmacist involvement. Limitations of the results include the large number of non-randomized trials and the heterogeneity between study designs.
CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacist involvement in immunization, whether as educators, facilitators, or administrators of vaccines, resulted in increased uptake of immunizations. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42013005067.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.085
PubMed: 27765379
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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School of Nursing, 1 West Street, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B2G 2W5</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcneil, S A" sort="Mcneil, S A" uniqKey="Mcneil S" first="S A" last="Mcneil">S A Mcneil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Medicine, 1276 South Park St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Medicine, 1276 South Park St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 2Y9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowles, S K" sort="Bowles, S K" uniqKey="Bowles S" first="S K" last="Bowles">S K Bowles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, 1796 Summer St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3A6, Canada; Centre for Health Care for the Elderly, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, 1796 Summer St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3A6, Canada; Centre for Health Care for the Elderly, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 2E1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27765379</idno><idno type="pmid">27765379</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.085</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000124</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000124</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000124</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000124</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000124</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Impact of pharmacists as immunizers on vaccination rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</title><author><name sortKey="Isenor, J E" sort="Isenor, J E" uniqKey="Isenor J" first="J E" last="Isenor">J E Isenor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada. Electronic address: Jennifer.Isenor@Dal.ca.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, N T" sort="Edwards, N T" uniqKey="Edwards N" first="N T" last="Edwards">N T Edwards</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alia, T A" sort="Alia, T A" uniqKey="Alia T" first="T A" last="Alia">T A Alia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slayter, K L" sort="Slayter, K L" uniqKey="Slayter K" first="K L" last="Slayter">K L Slayter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 4R2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macdougall, D M" sort="Macdougall, D M" uniqKey="Macdougall D" first="D M" last="Macdougall">D M Macdougall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; School of Nursing, 1 West Street, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; School of Nursing, 1 West Street, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B2G 2W5</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcneil, S A" sort="Mcneil, S A" uniqKey="Mcneil S" first="S A" last="Mcneil">S A Mcneil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Medicine, 1276 South Park St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Medicine, 1276 South Park St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 2Y9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bowles, S K" sort="Bowles, S K" uniqKey="Bowles S" first="S K" last="Bowles">S K Bowles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, 1796 Summer St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3A6, Canada; Centre for Health Care for the Elderly, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, 1796 Summer St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3A6, Canada; Centre for Health Care for the Elderly, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>B3H 2E1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Vaccine</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-2518</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada (epidemiology)</term><term>Herpes Zoster (epidemiology)</term><term>Herpes Zoster (prevention & control)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Immunization Programs (organization & administration)</term><term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (prevention & control)</term><term>Network Meta-Analysis</term><term>Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Patient Education as Topic</term><term>Pharmacists (standards)</term><term>Pharmacists (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Pneumococcal Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Pneumococcal Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Public Health (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Safety</term><term>Vaccination (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Vaccines (administration & dosage)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada (épidémiologie)</term><term>Essais contrôlés non-randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Grippe humaine ()</term><term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à pneumocoques ()</term><term>Infections à pneumocoques (épidémiologie)</term><term>Méta-analyse en réseau</term><term>Pharmaciens ()</term><term>Pharmaciens (normes)</term><term>Programmes de vaccination (organisation et administration)</term><term>Santé publique ()</term><term>Sécurité</term><term>Vaccination ()</term><term>Vaccins (administration et posologie)</term><term>Zona ()</term><term>Zona (épidémiologie)</term><term>Éducation du patient comme sujet</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Vaccines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Vaccins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term><term>Herpes Zoster</term><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Pneumococcal Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="normes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Pharmaciens</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="organisation et administration" xml:lang="fr"><term>Programmes de vaccination</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="organization & administration" xml:lang="en"><term>Immunization Programs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Herpes Zoster</term><term>Influenza, Human</term><term>Pneumococcal Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Pharmacists</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Pharmacists</term><term>Public Health</term><term>Vaccination</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Infections à pneumocoques</term><term>Zona</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term><term>Network Meta-Analysis</term><term>Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Patient Education as Topic</term><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Safety</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Essais contrôlés non-randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à pneumocoques</term><term>Méta-analyse en réseau</term><term>Pharmaciens</term><term>Santé publique</term><term>Sécurité</term><term>Vaccination</term><term>Zona</term><term>Éducation du patient comme sujet</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Underutilization of vaccination programs remains a significant public health concern. Pharmacists serve as educators, facilitators, and in some jurisdictions, as administrators of vaccines. Though pharmacists have been involved with immunizations in various ways for many years, there has yet to be a systematic review assessing the impact of pharmacists as immunizers in these three roles.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>To complete a systematic review of the literature on the impact of pharmacists as educators, facilitators, and administrators of vaccines on immunization rates.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We identified 2825 articles searching the following databases from inception until October 2015: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Google Scholar. Grey literature was identified through use of the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health "Grey Matters" search tool. Content from relevant journals and references of included studies were also searched. Inclusion criteria were clinical or epidemiologic studies in which pharmacists were involved in the immunization process. Studies were excluded if no comparator was reported. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and bias assessments using standardized forms.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Thirty-six studies were included in the review, 22 assessed the role of pharmacists as educators and/or facilitators and 14 assessed their role as administrators of vaccines. All studies reviewed found an increase in vaccine coverage when pharmacists were involved in the immunization process, regardless of role (educator, facilitator, administrator) or vaccine administered (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal), when compared to vaccine provision by traditional providers without pharmacist involvement. Limitations of the results include the large number of non-randomized trials and the heterogeneity between study designs.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>Pharmacist involvement in immunization, whether as educators, facilitators, or administrators of vaccines, resulted in increased uptake of immunizations. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42013005067.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27765379</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>29</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-2518</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>34</Volume><Issue>47</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>11</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Vaccine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Vaccine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Impact of pharmacists as immunizers on vaccination rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>5708-5723</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0264-410X(16)30792-7</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.085</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Underutilization of vaccination programs remains a significant public health concern. Pharmacists serve as educators, facilitators, and in some jurisdictions, as administrators of vaccines. Though pharmacists have been involved with immunizations in various ways for many years, there has yet to be a systematic review assessing the impact of pharmacists as immunizers in these three roles.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE">To complete a systematic review of the literature on the impact of pharmacists as educators, facilitators, and administrators of vaccines on immunization rates.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We identified 2825 articles searching the following databases from inception until October 2015: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Google Scholar. Grey literature was identified through use of the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health "Grey Matters" search tool. Content from relevant journals and references of included studies were also searched. Inclusion criteria were clinical or epidemiologic studies in which pharmacists were involved in the immunization process. Studies were excluded if no comparator was reported. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and bias assessments using standardized forms.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Thirty-six studies were included in the review, 22 assessed the role of pharmacists as educators and/or facilitators and 14 assessed their role as administrators of vaccines. All studies reviewed found an increase in vaccine coverage when pharmacists were involved in the immunization process, regardless of role (educator, facilitator, administrator) or vaccine administered (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal), when compared to vaccine provision by traditional providers without pharmacist involvement. Limitations of the results include the large number of non-randomized trials and the heterogeneity between study designs.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Pharmacist involvement in immunization, whether as educators, facilitators, or administrators of vaccines, resulted in increased uptake of immunizations. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42013005067.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Isenor</LastName><ForeName>J E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada. Electronic address: Jennifer.Isenor@Dal.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Edwards</LastName><ForeName>N T</ForeName><Initials>NT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alia</LastName><ForeName>T A</ForeName><Initials>TA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Slayter</LastName><ForeName>K L</ForeName><Initials>KL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>MacDougall</LastName><ForeName>D M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; School of Nursing, 1 West Street, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McNeil</LastName><ForeName>S A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Medicine, 1276 South Park St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bowles</LastName><ForeName>S K</ForeName><Initials>SK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Pharmacy, 5968 College St, PO Box 15000, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, 5850/5980 University Ave, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, 1459 Oxford St, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, 1796 Summer St, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3A6, Canada; Centre for Health Care for the Elderly, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D017418">Meta-Analysis</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D000078182">Systematic Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Vaccine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8406899</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0264-410X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014612">Vaccines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002170" MajorTopicYN="N">Canada</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006562" MajorTopicYN="N">Herpes Zoster</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017589" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunization Programs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000458" MajorTopicYN="Y">organization & administration</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000071076" MajorTopicYN="N">Network Meta-Analysis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065228" MajorTopicYN="N">Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010353" MajorTopicYN="Y">Patient Education as Topic</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010595" MajorTopicYN="N">Pharmacists</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000592" MajorTopicYN="N">standards</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011008" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumococcal Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011634" MajorTopicYN="N">Public Health</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016032" MajorTopicYN="N">Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012449" MajorTopicYN="N">Safety</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014611" MajorTopicYN="N">Vaccination</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="Y">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014612" MajorTopicYN="N">Vaccines</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Immunizer</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Pharmacist</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Vaccination</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>29</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2018</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27765379</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0264-410X(16)30792-7</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.085</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Isenor, J E" sort="Isenor, J E" uniqKey="Isenor J" first="J E" last="Isenor">J E Isenor</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alia, T A" sort="Alia, T A" uniqKey="Alia T" first="T A" last="Alia">T A Alia</name><name sortKey="Bowles, S K" sort="Bowles, S K" uniqKey="Bowles S" first="S K" last="Bowles">S K Bowles</name><name sortKey="Edwards, N T" sort="Edwards, N T" uniqKey="Edwards N" first="N T" last="Edwards">N T Edwards</name><name sortKey="Macdougall, D M" sort="Macdougall, D M" uniqKey="Macdougall D" first="D M" last="Macdougall">D M Macdougall</name><name sortKey="Mcneil, S A" sort="Mcneil, S A" uniqKey="Mcneil S" first="S A" last="Mcneil">S A Mcneil</name><name sortKey="Slayter, K L" sort="Slayter, K L" uniqKey="Slayter K" first="K L" last="Slayter">K L Slayter</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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